Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986)
Argentine poet, essayist and short story writer whose tales of fantasy worlds and sleep are classics of world literature of the 20th Century. Borges was profoundly from the European culture, English literature and thinkers like Berkeley, that no material substance, the only sensible world of ideas, which, if it is perceived, argues influences. Most of the stories by Borges for universal themes - the repeated circular labyrinth is a metaphor for life or a puzzle where the theme is time to see. Although Borges has been called names in speculation about the Nobel Prize, Borges was never awarded a Nobel Prize.
Towards morning, he dreamed that he was in one of the ships of the Clementine Library hidden. What are you looking for? ask a librarian wearing dark glasses. Seeking God, Hladik said. Lord said the library is one of the letters on the pages of a hundred thousand volumes in Clementine. My parents and grandparents to paper checks, I even look blind. (In "The Secret Miracle", st. Andrew Hurley, collected fiction, 1998)
Jorge Luis Borges was born in Buenos Aires. His family is of British descent, and learned English before Spanish. Jorge Guillermo Borges, his father was a lawyer and professor of psychology, the paradoxes of Zeno in a chess board, showing to his son. In the large house was also a library and a garden, which fascinated the imagination of Borges. Borges' mother, Leonor Acevedo Haedo was a translator, has lived over 90 years. In 1914 the family moved to Geneva, where Borges learned French and German and received his BA from the University of Geneva. According to an article sent Borges's father, worried about her child sexual initiation, he with a prostitute in the red light district, the place of the four Dubourg. Borges does not begin to believe that his father was a "customer" of him. Borg abandoned and probably contributed to their problems of life with women.
After the Second World War the family lived Borges in Spain, where he was a member of the literary avant-garde group ultraist. His first poem, "Hymn to the Sea" which was written in the style of Walt Whitman, was published in Greece. In 1921 Borges was decided in Buenos Aires. He began his career as a writer of poetry and essays published in literary magazines. Among his friends was the philosopher Macedonio Fernandez, whose commitment to language problems affected his mind. The first collection was inspired Borges in Buenos Aires (1923). He contributed to avant-garde review of Martin Fierro and co-founder of the magazine Proa (1924-1926). For decades, Borges was the largest contributor to the South, the most important literary magazine in Argentina, which was founded in 1931 by Victoria Ocampo. He has also served as literary adviser for the publishing house Editorial EMEC as literary editor of the magazine Colors worked tabloids Saturday Review and wrote weekly columns for El Hogar served 1936-1939. As Borges critical shot to fame with the classic interpretation of Argentina. His writings show a deep understanding of European and American literature, especially for writers such as Poe, Stevenson, Kipling, Shaw, Chesterton, Whitman, Emerson and Twain. Orlando has also translated Virginia Woolf, Henri Michaux is a stranger in Asia, Bartleby by Herman Melville, author, and Wild Palms by William Faulkner.
Borges' father died in 1938, a big hit, because the two were very close. Borges suffered a severe head injury. Was developed blood poisoning and almost died. The published experience in the deep forces of creativity and to hospital, where he held several weeks, he wrote some of their stories are important. Her first collection, garden paths, that is bifurcations (1941) nominated for a national literary prize, but a little book, but he made a special problem of the South, where several of his friends and acquaintances expressed their support. Later collections include Fictions (1944), El Aleph (1949), and creator of THE (1960). Borges' interest in fantasy is shared by another famous Argentine novelist Adolfo Bioy Casares, with whom Borges coauthored collections under the pseudonym H. Bustos Domecq some stories.
From 1937 he worked as a library catalog Cane Miguel Borges in Buenos Aires Municipal Library. Labour has no interest, and usually have to read (especially the skull), written and translated. Endless process of cataloging a history of the famous Borges' Library of Babel "(1941), the library catalog believers filled with" thousands and thousands of false catalogs, the proof of the falsity of the catalogs inspired false proof of the falsity of the catalog of the truth. "Borges spent nine years in the library of the suburbs. It was formed in 1946 from his position as the Peron regime and poultry inspector for the municipal market in Buenos Aires, a position he rejected appointed fired.
Borges' political views are not as safe. As a sign of negative attention, was an attempt, the house where Borges lived with his mother bomb. His sister was captured and his mother was placed under house arrest. With the help of Michael Cohen-Miller, a psychotherapist, it managed to overcome her shyness and can accept the offer of conferences Borges. Dr. Cohen-Miller also pointed out that Borges was greatly exaggerated, have a sense of guilt and fear of sex. Later, Estela Canto, which met in 1944, Borges, Borges wrote in an attitude Backlight (1989), for sex, that Borges was one of "panic and terror."
In 1946, Borges took over the direction of the Annals of Buenos Aires, a scientific journal. His first story in English: "Have Forking Paths" was released in 1948 in Ellery Queen Mystery magazine. A deposit of Peron in 1955, Borges became director of the National Library. "I speak of the great ironies of God and gave me a book of 800 and 000 times the darkness," Borges said, alluding to his almost total blindness. Borges was also a professor of English literature at the University of Buenos Aires, and taught there from 1955 to 1970th
Borges shared the Prix Formentor with Samuel Beckett in 1961. After the death of his mother, began her constant companion, Borges, his series of visits to countries around the world to death for his tour. In 1967, Borges began a five-year collaboration with Norman Thomas di Giovanni, and became famous again in the English-speaking world. When Juan Peron was elected president again in 1973, Borges became a director of the National Library. Despite his opposition to Perón and then by the Board, its support for liberal causes too vague. "If he thinks like a dinosaur that has nothing to do with my opinion," said the former Chilean poet and Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda. "I do not understand everything that happens in the modern world, and he thinks I am not." In 1980, Borges signed protests against political repression and "disappeared". In 1982, he condemned the Falklands war - "Two men fighting over a comb with a bald head," he commented in the international media was quoted as saying.
Borges, who had suffered a lot of eye problems, is totally blind in his last decades, but never learned Braille. He had a deformity that has influenced several generations of the family of his father. But he went on, several books, including The Book of Imaginary Beings (1967) to publish consultant Brodie (1970) and The Book of Sand (1975). "I need books," he once said. "You are everything to me." In New Orlean developed a passion for jazz.
Borges was married twice. In 1967 he married his old friend Elsa Astete only Milan, whom he met years ago when she was only seventeen years old. Elsa share their literary interests and the marriage lasted three years. One night at Harvard University, was found outside the residence Borges in his pajamas, because she had locked. Since the divorce does not exist in Argentina, signed a legal separation and Borges came with his mother. His last years of life with Maria Kodama, Borges, his assistant, were on 22 Married April 1986, despite his marriage to Elsa had not been canceled. But relations much joy, the lives of the authors have brought. Kodomo previously participated in the group of older studies of English Borges and a Ph.D. in English at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1984 he produced a report on his travels to various countries, with texts by Borges and photographs by Kodomo. Borges moved permanently in 1985 in Geneva, Switzerland. In Buenos Aires, where he died of liver cancer 14th June 1986 and was buried in the cemetery of Plainpalais old.
Borges' fictional universe was born from his erudition and wit in literature, philosophy and theology. He sees the human search for meaning in an infinite universe, as a futile effort. In the world of energy, mass and velocity of light, says Borges central puzzle of the time, not space. "He believed in an unlimited number of times, a growing network, the heady times of various convergent and parallel. This network of times which each forked, approached her, broke or was not aware of each other for centuries for all sorts of time." Gave theological speculations of Gnosticism and Kabbalah, many ideas for his reasons. Borges said in an interview that as a child, he found an engraving of the seven wonders of the world, presented by a circular maze. He was afraid, and the labyrinth has been one of his recurring nightmares. "Almost immediately I realized the" Garden of Forking Paths was the chaotic novel, suggested that read "The future of the various (not all)", a set of branching time, not confirmed in a larger scope of work .. the theory of literary works every time when a man meets diverse alternatives, he chooses one and eliminates the other in fiction Tsui Pen opt - simultaneously - all this creates various futures, various times. Add and fork. "(From" The Garden of Forking Paths)
Another recurring image is a mirror that reflects the different identities. The idea for the story "Borges and I" went double, who came to him - old ego, I know another man who writes his stories, y. a name in a biographical dictionary, real person, "So my life is a point and counterpoint, a kind of escape and fall away - and everything winds have been lost to me, and everything is forgotten, or in the hands of another human being."
Influenced by the English philosopher George Berkeley (1685-1753), Borges plays with the idea that can only concrete reality of the spiritual perception. "Real World" is only possible in an infinite number of realities. These issues are discussed, among other classic stories "garden paths fork" and "Death and the Compass" Borges in which he, his love for the formula of the detectives. Detective in the history of smooth, rational and adventurer Erik Lönnrot (based Lönnrot philologist / writer Elias, 1802-1884, collector of Kalevala poetry) is in the labyrinths of the excellent figure in a city trying to solve a series of crimes caught. But Borges Lönnrot has more in common with C. Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes and Father Brown and his amazing powers of deduction of the same name as the Finn, who traveled to Russia in the north-west of the old poems. Kalevala was founded by Lönnrot, edited by his poems and a number of poems and fragments of each poem, which had received the rune-singers. Also creates a coherent narrative Erik Lönnrot a series of crimes, by interpreting the hidden messages and fill the holes with your knowledge. The stories of detectives led to chaos. Said "In this chaotic period with us," Borges. "One of the classical virtues of humility detective novel, a thriller hold can not be understood without a beginning, a middle and an end ... I say, in defense of crime novel that does not need protection, but now I've read with contempt, there to obtain in times of need is upright. "(" Detective Story ", 1978)
In the "Library of Babel" symmetrical library provides the universe as conceived by man is rational, and books in the library refers to human ignorance. In "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius," Borges invented a completely different world, based on a fictional encyclopedia. Narrator "Tlön is definitely a maze, but it's a maze designed by men, a labyrinth destined to be deciphered by the people."
Moved as an essayist Borges on his European education, and suggested that the ancient philosophers and mystics, gnostics and the Jewish Kabbalists, French poet, Cervantes, Dante, Schopenhauer, and above all English writers like Shakespeare, John Milton, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas De Quincey, HG Wells and GK Chesterton. His most important books were DEBATE (1932), history of Eternity (1936) and other Inquisition (1952). If many American writers address political or social issues, focusing on issues and literary Borges eternal inheritance in the world. Was criticized, however, his friend Pablo Neruda, Borges, an author of more visible politically, all the dictators in South America end, with the exception of Juan Peron, Borges's arch-enemy. "Peron was in power then. It seems that Neruda had a case pending with his editor in Buenos Aires. The editor, as you probably know, has always been the main source of income." (Jorge Luis Borges: A Conversation, ed Richard Burgin, 1998).
For further information: Paper Tigers: The ideal fictions of Jorge Luis Borges, J. Sturrock (1977), Jorge Luis Borges by GR McMurray (1980), Jorge Luis Borges by Donald Yates (1985), Aleph Weaver by Edna Aizenberg (1984), Jorge Luis Borges, ed. Harold Bloom (1986), poetry and the poetry of Jorge Luis Borges, Paul Cheselka (1986), Borges backlight Estela Canto (1989), a series of works by Jorge Luis Borges Isbister and Peter Standish Rob 1899-1986 (1992), Jorge Luis Borges, Beatriz Sarlo (1993), Dictionary of Borges by Evelyn Fishburn and psyche Hughes (1990), Jorge Luis Borges: A Conversation, ed. Richard Burgin (1998), Borges and his fiction by Gene H. Bell-Villada (1999)
Selected works:
* The excitement of Buenos Aires, 1923
* Moonface, 1923
* Inquisition, 1925
* TO MY expected size of 1926
* THE LANGUAGE OF Argentinos, 1928
* San Martin NOTEBOOKS, 1929
* Evaristo Carriego, 1930 - Evaristo Carriego: a book of old-time Buenos Aires (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1984)
* Discussion, 1932
* THE KENNIGAR, 1933
* THE UNIVERSAL disgrace History, 1935 - a universal story of shame (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1972) / Universal History of Injustice (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected in 1999, with an introduction by Andrew Hurley translates, 2004)
* History of Eternity, 1936 - A History of Etenity (in some non-fiction, Eliot Weinberger ed, 1999) -. Ikuisuuden history (polkujen Haarautuvien teoksessa Puutarha, Matti Suomen Rossi, 1969).
* Virginia Woolf: A Room have their own, 1936 (translator)
* Virginia Woolf: Orlando, 1937 (translator)
* Franz Kafka: The Metamorphosis, 1938 (ed.)
* William Faulkner: The Wild Palms, 1940 (translator)
* The Garden of Forking Paths SE, 1941 - Garden branch paths (tr Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) - Haarautuvien polkujen Puutarha (suom. Matti Rossi, 1969)
DON MONEY * SIX problem Isidro Parodi, 1942 (under the pseudonym H. Bustos Domecq, with Adolfo Bioy Caesarea) - Six Problems for Don Isidro Parodi (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1981)
* The Garden of Forking Paths, 1942
* POEMS (1922-1943), 1943
* Herman Melville: Bartleby, 1943 (translator)
* Fiction (1935-1944), 1944 -. Fiction (edited and Introduction by Anthony Kerrigan witrh a, 1962) / Fiction (edited and introduced by Gordon Brotherston and Peter Hulme, 1976) / fi (tr Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) / The Library of Babel (recorded Eric Desmazières translated by Andrew Hurley, 2000)
* Two memorable fantasies, 1946 (under the pseudonym H. Bustos Domecq, with Adolfo Bioy Casares)
* Model United Nations PRE Death, 1946 (under the pseudonym B. Suarez Lynch, Adolfo Bioy Caesarea)
* New Time refutation, 1947
* The Aleph, 1949 - Aleph and Other Stories (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1970) / Alep (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) / Aleph (including the prose fictions of the Creator, translated with an introduction Andrew Hurley , 2004)
* The topics gaucho literature, 1950
* Death and the Compass, 1951
* Altgermanischen Literature, 1951 (with Delia Ingenieros)
* Other Inquisition 1937-1952, 1952 - Other Inquisition from 1937 to 1952 (tr. Ruth LC Simms, 1964)
* The "Martin Fierro", 1953 (with Margarita Guerrero)
* Days of Hate, 1954 (screenplay, dir. Leopoldo Torre Nilsson)
* THE orilleros, 1955
* Leopoldo Lugones, 1955 (with Betina Edelberg)
* FANTASTIC MANUEL DE zoologist, 1957 (Rev. ed Book of Imaginary Beings, 1967). - The Book of Imaginary Beings (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1969) / Mad Zoo (tr. Tim Reynolds, 1969) / Book of the human imagination (translated by Andrew Hurley, 2005) - Kuvitteellisten olentojen Kirja (suom. Sari Selander, 2009)
* Works, VIII, 1954-1960
* Heaven And Hell BOOK, 1960
* The manufacturer, 1960 - Tigers Sleep (tr. Mildred Boyer and Harold Morland, 1964) / Creator (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) / Everything and Nothing (tr. Donald A. Yates et al, 1999). - Unitiikerit (teoksessa Haarautuvien polkujen Puutarha (suom. Matti Rossi, 1969)
* Personal anthologist, 1961 - A Personal Anthology (tr. Anthony Kerrigan, 1967)
* Labyrinths, selected stories and other writings, 1962 (edited by Donald A. Yates and James E. Irby)
* Macedonio Fernández, 1963
Others he even *, 1964
* Complete Works III, 1964
* First six strings, 1965
* Introduction to English Literature, 1965 (with María Esther Vázquez) - Introduction to English Literature (tr. L. Clark Keating and Robert O. Evans, 1974)
* Medieval Germanic Literature, 1966 (with María Esther Vázquez)
* CHRONIC Bustos Domecq, 1967 (with Adolfo Bioy Casares) - Chronicles of Bustos Domecq (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1976)
* The night mourned SOUTH LO, 1967 - Death Watch in the south (tr. Robert Fitzgerald, 1968)
* Introduction to Literature Search THE NORTH AMERICAN, 1967 (with Esther Torres Zemborain) - An Introduction to American Literature (tr. Clark Keating and Robert O. Evans, 1971)
* Personal MOVE anthologist, 1968
* In Praise of the Shadow, 1969 - In Praise of Darkness (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1974) / In Praise of Darkness (tr. collected Andrew Hurley, the fictions, 1999) / Brodie report, including praise from the shadow of prose ( translated with an introduction by Andrew Hurley, 2005)
Others he even *, 1969
* Conquest, 1969 (screenplay, by Adolfo Bioy Casares, Hugo Santiago, dir. Hugo Santiago)
* Advice EL Brodie, 1970 - Brodie Report (TR Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1972.) / El informe de Brodie / Brodie Report (Tr Andrew Hurley, total fiction, 1999.) Including the Prose of Praise of Shadows (translated an introduction by Andrew Hurley, 2005) - Hiekkakirja suomentanut (Saaritsa Pentti, 2003)
* Il Mondo Congresso, 1972 - Congress (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1974) / Congress of the World (tr. Alberto Manguel, 1981)
* GOLD Tigers of 1972 - Gold Tigre (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, in the Book of Sand, 1975) / Golden Tigers: Selected poems later: a bilingual edition (translated by Alastair Reid, 1977)
* Borges on Writing, 1973 (edited by Norman Thomas di Giovanni, Daniel Halpern and Frank MacShane)
* Seven Conversations with Jorge Luis Borges, 1973 (with fernand0 Sorrentino) - Seven Conversations with Jorge Luis Borges (tr. Zlotchew M. Clark, 1982)
* Works, 1974 (ed. Carlos V. Frías)
* The Book of Sand, 1975 - Book of Sand (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1977) / The Book of Sand (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) - Hiekkakirja (suomentanut Saaritsa Pentti, 2003)
* LA ROSA deep, 1975
* With a Foreword Preface Prologue, 1975
* The Iron Coin, 1976
* Book of Dreams, 1976
* Androgen, 1977
* The murderer paper, 1977
* Story Of The Night, 1977
* THE ROSE Paracelsus, 1977
* Create an Account Bustos Domecq, 1977 (with Adolfo Bioy Casares)
* Blue Tigers, 1977
* Norah, 1977 (with Norah Borges)
* Obra poetica, 1964-1978 (6 vols.)
* Completion of work in COLABORARACIÓN, 1979
* Stories, 1980 (Ed. Barnatan Ricardo Marcos)
* Full Benefits, 1980 (2 vols.)
* Seven Nights 1980 - Seven Nights (tr. Eliot Weinberger, 1984)
* Net, 1981
Dante * New EXAMINATION, 1982
* Twenty Agoston And Other Stories, 1983, 1983 - The memory of Shakespeare (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected in 1999)
* Obra poetica, 1923-1977, 1983
* And other stories, 1983
* High, 1984 (with Mary kodomo) - Atlas (tr. Anthony Kerrigan, 1985)
* The conspirators, 1985
* Text Captives, 1986 (Ed. Socerio Gari and Enrique Rodriguez Monegal)
* The Aleph Borgia, 1987
* Borges, Judaism in Israel, 1988
* Selected sites, 1988 (ed. Roberto Fernández Retamar)
* Library staff: Prologue, 1988
* Complete Works 1975-1985, 1989 - The memory of Shakespeare (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999)
* Selected Poems, 1998 (edited by Alexander Coleman)
* Stories collected in 1998 (tr. Andrew Hurley)
* Selected non-fiction, 1999 (ed. Eliot Weinberger, st. Esther Allen, Suzanne Jill Levine, Eliot Weinberger)
* THE SAME Borges: Poems, 1999
* Correspondence, 1922-1939, 2000 (ed. Carlos Garcia)
* This verse Craft, 2000 (Calin-Andrei Mihailescu Ed.)
* Text RECOVERY 2002
* Complete Works: Critical Edition. First 1923-1949, 2009 (ed. Rolando Costa Picazo)
* Complete Works: Critical Edition. Second 1952-1972, 2010 (ed. Rolando Costa Picazo)
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| 12th Birthday of Jorge Luis |
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| 12th Birthday of Jorge Luis |
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| Jorge Luis Birthday |
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| Jorge Luis |
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| Jorge Luis |
Argentine poet, essayist and short story writer whose tales of fantasy worlds and sleep are classics of world literature of the 20th Century. Borges was profoundly from the European culture, English literature and thinkers like Berkeley, that no material substance, the only sensible world of ideas, which, if it is perceived, argues influences. Most of the stories by Borges for universal themes - the repeated circular labyrinth is a metaphor for life or a puzzle where the theme is time to see. Although Borges has been called names in speculation about the Nobel Prize, Borges was never awarded a Nobel Prize.
Towards morning, he dreamed that he was in one of the ships of the Clementine Library hidden. What are you looking for? ask a librarian wearing dark glasses. Seeking God, Hladik said. Lord said the library is one of the letters on the pages of a hundred thousand volumes in Clementine. My parents and grandparents to paper checks, I even look blind. (In "The Secret Miracle", st. Andrew Hurley, collected fiction, 1998)
Jorge Luis Borges was born in Buenos Aires. His family is of British descent, and learned English before Spanish. Jorge Guillermo Borges, his father was a lawyer and professor of psychology, the paradoxes of Zeno in a chess board, showing to his son. In the large house was also a library and a garden, which fascinated the imagination of Borges. Borges' mother, Leonor Acevedo Haedo was a translator, has lived over 90 years. In 1914 the family moved to Geneva, where Borges learned French and German and received his BA from the University of Geneva. According to an article sent Borges's father, worried about her child sexual initiation, he with a prostitute in the red light district, the place of the four Dubourg. Borges does not begin to believe that his father was a "customer" of him. Borg abandoned and probably contributed to their problems of life with women.
After the Second World War the family lived Borges in Spain, where he was a member of the literary avant-garde group ultraist. His first poem, "Hymn to the Sea" which was written in the style of Walt Whitman, was published in Greece. In 1921 Borges was decided in Buenos Aires. He began his career as a writer of poetry and essays published in literary magazines. Among his friends was the philosopher Macedonio Fernandez, whose commitment to language problems affected his mind. The first collection was inspired Borges in Buenos Aires (1923). He contributed to avant-garde review of Martin Fierro and co-founder of the magazine Proa (1924-1926). For decades, Borges was the largest contributor to the South, the most important literary magazine in Argentina, which was founded in 1931 by Victoria Ocampo. He has also served as literary adviser for the publishing house Editorial EMEC as literary editor of the magazine Colors worked tabloids Saturday Review and wrote weekly columns for El Hogar served 1936-1939. As Borges critical shot to fame with the classic interpretation of Argentina. His writings show a deep understanding of European and American literature, especially for writers such as Poe, Stevenson, Kipling, Shaw, Chesterton, Whitman, Emerson and Twain. Orlando has also translated Virginia Woolf, Henri Michaux is a stranger in Asia, Bartleby by Herman Melville, author, and Wild Palms by William Faulkner.
Borges' father died in 1938, a big hit, because the two were very close. Borges suffered a severe head injury. Was developed blood poisoning and almost died. The published experience in the deep forces of creativity and to hospital, where he held several weeks, he wrote some of their stories are important. Her first collection, garden paths, that is bifurcations (1941) nominated for a national literary prize, but a little book, but he made a special problem of the South, where several of his friends and acquaintances expressed their support. Later collections include Fictions (1944), El Aleph (1949), and creator of THE (1960). Borges' interest in fantasy is shared by another famous Argentine novelist Adolfo Bioy Casares, with whom Borges coauthored collections under the pseudonym H. Bustos Domecq some stories.
From 1937 he worked as a library catalog Cane Miguel Borges in Buenos Aires Municipal Library. Labour has no interest, and usually have to read (especially the skull), written and translated. Endless process of cataloging a history of the famous Borges' Library of Babel "(1941), the library catalog believers filled with" thousands and thousands of false catalogs, the proof of the falsity of the catalogs inspired false proof of the falsity of the catalog of the truth. "Borges spent nine years in the library of the suburbs. It was formed in 1946 from his position as the Peron regime and poultry inspector for the municipal market in Buenos Aires, a position he rejected appointed fired.
Borges' political views are not as safe. As a sign of negative attention, was an attempt, the house where Borges lived with his mother bomb. His sister was captured and his mother was placed under house arrest. With the help of Michael Cohen-Miller, a psychotherapist, it managed to overcome her shyness and can accept the offer of conferences Borges. Dr. Cohen-Miller also pointed out that Borges was greatly exaggerated, have a sense of guilt and fear of sex. Later, Estela Canto, which met in 1944, Borges, Borges wrote in an attitude Backlight (1989), for sex, that Borges was one of "panic and terror."
In 1946, Borges took over the direction of the Annals of Buenos Aires, a scientific journal. His first story in English: "Have Forking Paths" was released in 1948 in Ellery Queen Mystery magazine. A deposit of Peron in 1955, Borges became director of the National Library. "I speak of the great ironies of God and gave me a book of 800 and 000 times the darkness," Borges said, alluding to his almost total blindness. Borges was also a professor of English literature at the University of Buenos Aires, and taught there from 1955 to 1970th
Borges shared the Prix Formentor with Samuel Beckett in 1961. After the death of his mother, began her constant companion, Borges, his series of visits to countries around the world to death for his tour. In 1967, Borges began a five-year collaboration with Norman Thomas di Giovanni, and became famous again in the English-speaking world. When Juan Peron was elected president again in 1973, Borges became a director of the National Library. Despite his opposition to Perón and then by the Board, its support for liberal causes too vague. "If he thinks like a dinosaur that has nothing to do with my opinion," said the former Chilean poet and Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda. "I do not understand everything that happens in the modern world, and he thinks I am not." In 1980, Borges signed protests against political repression and "disappeared". In 1982, he condemned the Falklands war - "Two men fighting over a comb with a bald head," he commented in the international media was quoted as saying.
Borges, who had suffered a lot of eye problems, is totally blind in his last decades, but never learned Braille. He had a deformity that has influenced several generations of the family of his father. But he went on, several books, including The Book of Imaginary Beings (1967) to publish consultant Brodie (1970) and The Book of Sand (1975). "I need books," he once said. "You are everything to me." In New Orlean developed a passion for jazz.
Borges was married twice. In 1967 he married his old friend Elsa Astete only Milan, whom he met years ago when she was only seventeen years old. Elsa share their literary interests and the marriage lasted three years. One night at Harvard University, was found outside the residence Borges in his pajamas, because she had locked. Since the divorce does not exist in Argentina, signed a legal separation and Borges came with his mother. His last years of life with Maria Kodama, Borges, his assistant, were on 22 Married April 1986, despite his marriage to Elsa had not been canceled. But relations much joy, the lives of the authors have brought. Kodomo previously participated in the group of older studies of English Borges and a Ph.D. in English at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1984 he produced a report on his travels to various countries, with texts by Borges and photographs by Kodomo. Borges moved permanently in 1985 in Geneva, Switzerland. In Buenos Aires, where he died of liver cancer 14th June 1986 and was buried in the cemetery of Plainpalais old.
Borges' fictional universe was born from his erudition and wit in literature, philosophy and theology. He sees the human search for meaning in an infinite universe, as a futile effort. In the world of energy, mass and velocity of light, says Borges central puzzle of the time, not space. "He believed in an unlimited number of times, a growing network, the heady times of various convergent and parallel. This network of times which each forked, approached her, broke or was not aware of each other for centuries for all sorts of time." Gave theological speculations of Gnosticism and Kabbalah, many ideas for his reasons. Borges said in an interview that as a child, he found an engraving of the seven wonders of the world, presented by a circular maze. He was afraid, and the labyrinth has been one of his recurring nightmares. "Almost immediately I realized the" Garden of Forking Paths was the chaotic novel, suggested that read "The future of the various (not all)", a set of branching time, not confirmed in a larger scope of work .. the theory of literary works every time when a man meets diverse alternatives, he chooses one and eliminates the other in fiction Tsui Pen opt - simultaneously - all this creates various futures, various times. Add and fork. "(From" The Garden of Forking Paths)
Another recurring image is a mirror that reflects the different identities. The idea for the story "Borges and I" went double, who came to him - old ego, I know another man who writes his stories, y. a name in a biographical dictionary, real person, "So my life is a point and counterpoint, a kind of escape and fall away - and everything winds have been lost to me, and everything is forgotten, or in the hands of another human being."
Influenced by the English philosopher George Berkeley (1685-1753), Borges plays with the idea that can only concrete reality of the spiritual perception. "Real World" is only possible in an infinite number of realities. These issues are discussed, among other classic stories "garden paths fork" and "Death and the Compass" Borges in which he, his love for the formula of the detectives. Detective in the history of smooth, rational and adventurer Erik Lönnrot (based Lönnrot philologist / writer Elias, 1802-1884, collector of Kalevala poetry) is in the labyrinths of the excellent figure in a city trying to solve a series of crimes caught. But Borges Lönnrot has more in common with C. Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes and Father Brown and his amazing powers of deduction of the same name as the Finn, who traveled to Russia in the north-west of the old poems. Kalevala was founded by Lönnrot, edited by his poems and a number of poems and fragments of each poem, which had received the rune-singers. Also creates a coherent narrative Erik Lönnrot a series of crimes, by interpreting the hidden messages and fill the holes with your knowledge. The stories of detectives led to chaos. Said "In this chaotic period with us," Borges. "One of the classical virtues of humility detective novel, a thriller hold can not be understood without a beginning, a middle and an end ... I say, in defense of crime novel that does not need protection, but now I've read with contempt, there to obtain in times of need is upright. "(" Detective Story ", 1978)
In the "Library of Babel" symmetrical library provides the universe as conceived by man is rational, and books in the library refers to human ignorance. In "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius," Borges invented a completely different world, based on a fictional encyclopedia. Narrator "Tlön is definitely a maze, but it's a maze designed by men, a labyrinth destined to be deciphered by the people."
Moved as an essayist Borges on his European education, and suggested that the ancient philosophers and mystics, gnostics and the Jewish Kabbalists, French poet, Cervantes, Dante, Schopenhauer, and above all English writers like Shakespeare, John Milton, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas De Quincey, HG Wells and GK Chesterton. His most important books were DEBATE (1932), history of Eternity (1936) and other Inquisition (1952). If many American writers address political or social issues, focusing on issues and literary Borges eternal inheritance in the world. Was criticized, however, his friend Pablo Neruda, Borges, an author of more visible politically, all the dictators in South America end, with the exception of Juan Peron, Borges's arch-enemy. "Peron was in power then. It seems that Neruda had a case pending with his editor in Buenos Aires. The editor, as you probably know, has always been the main source of income." (Jorge Luis Borges: A Conversation, ed Richard Burgin, 1998).
For further information: Paper Tigers: The ideal fictions of Jorge Luis Borges, J. Sturrock (1977), Jorge Luis Borges by GR McMurray (1980), Jorge Luis Borges by Donald Yates (1985), Aleph Weaver by Edna Aizenberg (1984), Jorge Luis Borges, ed. Harold Bloom (1986), poetry and the poetry of Jorge Luis Borges, Paul Cheselka (1986), Borges backlight Estela Canto (1989), a series of works by Jorge Luis Borges Isbister and Peter Standish Rob 1899-1986 (1992), Jorge Luis Borges, Beatriz Sarlo (1993), Dictionary of Borges by Evelyn Fishburn and psyche Hughes (1990), Jorge Luis Borges: A Conversation, ed. Richard Burgin (1998), Borges and his fiction by Gene H. Bell-Villada (1999)
Selected works:
* The excitement of Buenos Aires, 1923
* Moonface, 1923
* Inquisition, 1925
* TO MY expected size of 1926
* THE LANGUAGE OF Argentinos, 1928
* San Martin NOTEBOOKS, 1929
* Evaristo Carriego, 1930 - Evaristo Carriego: a book of old-time Buenos Aires (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1984)
* Discussion, 1932
* THE KENNIGAR, 1933
* THE UNIVERSAL disgrace History, 1935 - a universal story of shame (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1972) / Universal History of Injustice (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected in 1999, with an introduction by Andrew Hurley translates, 2004)
* History of Eternity, 1936 - A History of Etenity (in some non-fiction, Eliot Weinberger ed, 1999) -. Ikuisuuden history (polkujen Haarautuvien teoksessa Puutarha, Matti Suomen Rossi, 1969).
* Virginia Woolf: A Room have their own, 1936 (translator)
* Virginia Woolf: Orlando, 1937 (translator)
* Franz Kafka: The Metamorphosis, 1938 (ed.)
* William Faulkner: The Wild Palms, 1940 (translator)
* The Garden of Forking Paths SE, 1941 - Garden branch paths (tr Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) - Haarautuvien polkujen Puutarha (suom. Matti Rossi, 1969)
DON MONEY * SIX problem Isidro Parodi, 1942 (under the pseudonym H. Bustos Domecq, with Adolfo Bioy Caesarea) - Six Problems for Don Isidro Parodi (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1981)
* The Garden of Forking Paths, 1942
* POEMS (1922-1943), 1943
* Herman Melville: Bartleby, 1943 (translator)
* Fiction (1935-1944), 1944 -. Fiction (edited and Introduction by Anthony Kerrigan witrh a, 1962) / Fiction (edited and introduced by Gordon Brotherston and Peter Hulme, 1976) / fi (tr Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) / The Library of Babel (recorded Eric Desmazières translated by Andrew Hurley, 2000)
* Two memorable fantasies, 1946 (under the pseudonym H. Bustos Domecq, with Adolfo Bioy Casares)
* Model United Nations PRE Death, 1946 (under the pseudonym B. Suarez Lynch, Adolfo Bioy Caesarea)
* New Time refutation, 1947
* The Aleph, 1949 - Aleph and Other Stories (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1970) / Alep (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) / Aleph (including the prose fictions of the Creator, translated with an introduction Andrew Hurley , 2004)
* The topics gaucho literature, 1950
* Death and the Compass, 1951
* Altgermanischen Literature, 1951 (with Delia Ingenieros)
* Other Inquisition 1937-1952, 1952 - Other Inquisition from 1937 to 1952 (tr. Ruth LC Simms, 1964)
* The "Martin Fierro", 1953 (with Margarita Guerrero)
* Days of Hate, 1954 (screenplay, dir. Leopoldo Torre Nilsson)
* THE orilleros, 1955
* Leopoldo Lugones, 1955 (with Betina Edelberg)
* FANTASTIC MANUEL DE zoologist, 1957 (Rev. ed Book of Imaginary Beings, 1967). - The Book of Imaginary Beings (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1969) / Mad Zoo (tr. Tim Reynolds, 1969) / Book of the human imagination (translated by Andrew Hurley, 2005) - Kuvitteellisten olentojen Kirja (suom. Sari Selander, 2009)
* Works, VIII, 1954-1960
* Heaven And Hell BOOK, 1960
* The manufacturer, 1960 - Tigers Sleep (tr. Mildred Boyer and Harold Morland, 1964) / Creator (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) / Everything and Nothing (tr. Donald A. Yates et al, 1999). - Unitiikerit (teoksessa Haarautuvien polkujen Puutarha (suom. Matti Rossi, 1969)
* Personal anthologist, 1961 - A Personal Anthology (tr. Anthony Kerrigan, 1967)
* Labyrinths, selected stories and other writings, 1962 (edited by Donald A. Yates and James E. Irby)
* Macedonio Fernández, 1963
Others he even *, 1964
* Complete Works III, 1964
* First six strings, 1965
* Introduction to English Literature, 1965 (with María Esther Vázquez) - Introduction to English Literature (tr. L. Clark Keating and Robert O. Evans, 1974)
* Medieval Germanic Literature, 1966 (with María Esther Vázquez)
* CHRONIC Bustos Domecq, 1967 (with Adolfo Bioy Casares) - Chronicles of Bustos Domecq (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1976)
* The night mourned SOUTH LO, 1967 - Death Watch in the south (tr. Robert Fitzgerald, 1968)
* Introduction to Literature Search THE NORTH AMERICAN, 1967 (with Esther Torres Zemborain) - An Introduction to American Literature (tr. Clark Keating and Robert O. Evans, 1971)
* Personal MOVE anthologist, 1968
* In Praise of the Shadow, 1969 - In Praise of Darkness (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1974) / In Praise of Darkness (tr. collected Andrew Hurley, the fictions, 1999) / Brodie report, including praise from the shadow of prose ( translated with an introduction by Andrew Hurley, 2005)
Others he even *, 1969
* Conquest, 1969 (screenplay, by Adolfo Bioy Casares, Hugo Santiago, dir. Hugo Santiago)
* Advice EL Brodie, 1970 - Brodie Report (TR Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1972.) / El informe de Brodie / Brodie Report (Tr Andrew Hurley, total fiction, 1999.) Including the Prose of Praise of Shadows (translated an introduction by Andrew Hurley, 2005) - Hiekkakirja suomentanut (Saaritsa Pentti, 2003)
* Il Mondo Congresso, 1972 - Congress (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1974) / Congress of the World (tr. Alberto Manguel, 1981)
* GOLD Tigers of 1972 - Gold Tigre (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, in the Book of Sand, 1975) / Golden Tigers: Selected poems later: a bilingual edition (translated by Alastair Reid, 1977)
* Borges on Writing, 1973 (edited by Norman Thomas di Giovanni, Daniel Halpern and Frank MacShane)
* Seven Conversations with Jorge Luis Borges, 1973 (with fernand0 Sorrentino) - Seven Conversations with Jorge Luis Borges (tr. Zlotchew M. Clark, 1982)
* Works, 1974 (ed. Carlos V. Frías)
* The Book of Sand, 1975 - Book of Sand (tr. Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1977) / The Book of Sand (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999) - Hiekkakirja (suomentanut Saaritsa Pentti, 2003)
* LA ROSA deep, 1975
* With a Foreword Preface Prologue, 1975
* The Iron Coin, 1976
* Book of Dreams, 1976
* Androgen, 1977
* The murderer paper, 1977
* Story Of The Night, 1977
* THE ROSE Paracelsus, 1977
* Create an Account Bustos Domecq, 1977 (with Adolfo Bioy Casares)
* Blue Tigers, 1977
* Norah, 1977 (with Norah Borges)
* Obra poetica, 1964-1978 (6 vols.)
* Completion of work in COLABORARACIÓN, 1979
* Stories, 1980 (Ed. Barnatan Ricardo Marcos)
* Full Benefits, 1980 (2 vols.)
* Seven Nights 1980 - Seven Nights (tr. Eliot Weinberger, 1984)
* Net, 1981
Dante * New EXAMINATION, 1982
* Twenty Agoston And Other Stories, 1983, 1983 - The memory of Shakespeare (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected in 1999)
* Obra poetica, 1923-1977, 1983
* And other stories, 1983
* High, 1984 (with Mary kodomo) - Atlas (tr. Anthony Kerrigan, 1985)
* The conspirators, 1985
* Text Captives, 1986 (Ed. Socerio Gari and Enrique Rodriguez Monegal)
* The Aleph Borgia, 1987
* Borges, Judaism in Israel, 1988
* Selected sites, 1988 (ed. Roberto Fernández Retamar)
* Library staff: Prologue, 1988
* Complete Works 1975-1985, 1989 - The memory of Shakespeare (tr. Andrew Hurley, the fictions collected, 1999)
* Selected Poems, 1998 (edited by Alexander Coleman)
* Stories collected in 1998 (tr. Andrew Hurley)
* Selected non-fiction, 1999 (ed. Eliot Weinberger, st. Esther Allen, Suzanne Jill Levine, Eliot Weinberger)
* THE SAME Borges: Poems, 1999
* Correspondence, 1922-1939, 2000 (ed. Carlos Garcia)
* This verse Craft, 2000 (Calin-Andrei Mihailescu Ed.)
* Text RECOVERY 2002
* Complete Works: Critical Edition. First 1923-1949, 2009 (ed. Rolando Costa Picazo)
* Complete Works: Critical Edition. Second 1952-1972, 2010 (ed. Rolando Costa Picazo)
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